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Files & Archives
List, copy, move, search, compress and transfer files and directories.
basename
Strip directory from a path
bzip2
Compress files with bzip2
cat
Print or concatenate files
cd
Change the current working directory.
chattr
Change file attributes (immutable, append-only)
cmp
Compare two files byte by byte
cp
Copy files or directories from source to destination.
df
Report disk space usage of mounted filesystems.
dirname
Strip last component from a path
dirs
Show the directory stack
du
Estimate disk usage of files and directories.
file
Determine file type by inspecting content (not extension).
find
Recursively search for files by name, type, size, time, and more.
getfacl
Show file access control lists
gunzip
Decompress gzip files
gzip
Compress or decompress files using the GNU zip DEFLATE algorithm.
install
Copy files and set mode/owner
ln
Create hard or symbolic links between files.
locate
Find files by name using an index
ls
List directory contents with optional detail and sorting.
lsattr
List file attributes
md5sum
Compute or verify MD5 checksums
mkdir
Create one or more new directories.
mkfifo
Create a named pipe
mv
Move or rename files and directories.
ncdu
Interactive disk usage browser
popd
Return to the previous directory on the stack
pushd
Push a directory onto the stack and cd
pwd
Print the full absolute path of the current working directory.
readlink
Resolve and display the target of a symbolic link.
realpath
Resolve a path to its absolute form
rename
Rename multiple files with a pattern
rm
Remove files or directories permanently with no recycle bin.
rmdir
Remove empty directories
rsync
Fast, resumable file synchronization tool — local or over SSH.
scp
Securely copy files between local and remote hosts over SSH.
setfacl
Set file access control lists
sha256sum
Compute or verify SHA-256 checksums
shred
Overwrite a file to make recovery harder
split
Split a file into pieces
stat
Display detailed metadata about files and filesystems.
tar
Archive and compress files — the standard Linux backup and packaging tool.
touch
Create an empty file or update timestamps
tree
Show a directory tree
truncate
Shrink or extend a file to a size
unzip
Extract ZIP archives
updatedb
Rebuild the locate database
xz
High-ratio compression using the XZ/LZMA algorithm.
zcat
Print compressed file contents
zgrep
Search inside gzip files
zip
Create ZIP archives
zstd
Fast, modern compression with excellent speed/ratio trade-off.