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Every command with risks, cautions, flags and examples.
📁 Files & Archives
basename
Strip directory from a path
bzip2
Compress files with bzip2
cat
Print or concatenate files
cd
Change the current working directory.
chattr
Change file attributes (immutable, append-only)
cmp
Compare two files byte by byte
cp
Copy files or directories from source to destination.
df
Report disk space usage of mounted filesystems.
dirname
Strip last component from a path
dirs
Show the directory stack
du
Estimate disk usage of files and directories.
file
Determine file type by inspecting content (not extension).
find
Recursively search for files by name, type, size, time, and more.
getfacl
Show file access control lists
gunzip
Decompress gzip files
gzip
Compress or decompress files using the GNU zip DEFLATE algorithm.
install
Copy files and set mode/owner
ln
Create hard or symbolic links between files.
locate
Find files by name using an index
ls
List directory contents with optional detail and sorting.
lsattr
List file attributes
md5sum
Compute or verify MD5 checksums
mkdir
Create one or more new directories.
mkfifo
Create a named pipe
mv
Move or rename files and directories.
ncdu
Interactive disk usage browser
popd
Return to the previous directory on the stack
pushd
Push a directory onto the stack and cd
pwd
Print the full absolute path of the current working directory.
readlink
Resolve and display the target of a symbolic link.
realpath
Resolve a path to its absolute form
rename
Rename multiple files with a pattern
rm
Remove files or directories permanently with no recycle bin.
rmdir
Remove empty directories
rsync
Fast, resumable file synchronization tool — local or over SSH.
scp
Securely copy files between local and remote hosts over SSH.
setfacl
Set file access control lists
sha256sum
Compute or verify SHA-256 checksums
shred
Overwrite a file to make recovery harder
split
Split a file into pieces
stat
Display detailed metadata about files and filesystems.
tar
Archive and compress files — the standard Linux backup and packaging tool.
touch
Create an empty file or update timestamps
tree
Show a directory tree
truncate
Shrink or extend a file to a size
unzip
Extract ZIP archives
updatedb
Rebuild the locate database
xz
High-ratio compression using the XZ/LZMA algorithm.
zcat
Print compressed file contents
zgrep
Search inside gzip files
zip
Create ZIP archives
zstd
Fast, modern compression with excellent speed/ratio trade-off.
📝 Text Processing
awk
Powerful text processing language for pattern scanning and field-based reporting.
awk advanced
Advanced awk: multi-condition processing, BEGIN/END blocks, associative arrays.
base64
Encode or decode data using Base64.
bat
cat with syntax highlighting
cksum
CRC checksum
column
Format text into aligned columns for readable tabular output.
comm
Compare two sorted files line by line
csvkit
CSV tools suite
cut
Extract specific fields or character ranges from text.
diff
Compare files line by line and show differences.
dos2unix
Convert Windows line endings
echo
Print text
ed
Line editor
egrep
Extended grep
envsubst
Substitute environment variables in text
expand
Convert tabs to spaces
fd
Fast, friendly find alternative
fmt
Reformat paragraphs
fold
Wrap long lines
gawk
GNU awk
grep
Search text using patterns — print lines matching a regex from files or stdin.
grep advanced
Advanced grep: recursive search, context, PCRE patterns, and file filtering.
head
Output the first N lines of a file.
hexdump
Hex dump
iconv
Convert text encodings
join
Join lines of two sorted files on a field
jq
Command-line JSON processor and transformer.
less
Page through file content interactively with search and navigation.
look
Find lines starting with a prefix
nano
Simple terminal text editor
nl
Number lines
od
Dump bytes in octal/other formats
paste
Merge lines of files side by side
patch
Apply a diff/patch file to update source files.
pr
Paginate text for printing
printf
Format and print data with precise control over output format.
rev
Reverse characters in each line
rg
ripgrep: fast recursive search
sed
Stream editor — transform text using substitution, deletion, and insertion.
sed advanced
Advanced sed: multi-line editing, in-place replacement, complex patterns.
seq
Print a sequence of numbers
shuf
Shuffle or pick random lines
sort
Sort lines of text — alphabetically, numerically, or by a specific field.
sponge
Soak up input before writing a file
strings
Extract printable strings from binary files.
tac
Print file lines in reverse
tail
Output the last N lines of a file; follow live output.
tee
Write to stdout and one or more files simultaneously.
tr
Translate, squeeze, or delete characters in text streams.
tsort
Topological sort
uniq
Filter or count adjacent duplicate lines in sorted input.
vim
Vi IMproved text editor
wc
Count lines, words, characters, or bytes in files.
xargs
Build and execute commands from standard input.
xmllint
Parse and validate XML
xxd
Create or reverse a hex dump of binary data.
yq
Command-line YAML/JSON/XML processor (like jq but for YAML).
zless
View compressed files
⚙️ System & Processes
anacron
Cron for machines not always on
at
Schedule a one-time command to run at a specified time.
auditctl
Control the Linux audit system
ausearch
Search audit logs
busctl
D-Bus inspection
cgroups
Inspect and manage control groups that limit process resources.
chkconfig
Manage SysV services at boot (RHEL legacy)
chroot
Change the root directory for a process and its children.
chrt
Real-time scheduling
cron
Schedule recurring tasks using the system cron daemon.
crontab
View, edit, or manage per-user cron schedules for recurring jobs.
date
Display or set the system date and time; format timestamps.
dmesg
Print or control the kernel ring buffer messages.
dmidecode
Show hardware info from BIOS/DMI
flock
Prevent overlapping runs
free
Display total, used, and available system memory.
fuser
Identify processes using files or sockets.
getcap
Show file capabilities
getconf
Query system limits
groups
List group memberships
hostname
Show or set the hostname
hostnamectl
Query and set the system hostname, OS info, and machine identity.
htop
Interactive process viewer
hwclock
Read/set the hardware clock
id
Print user and group IDs
ionice
Set I/O scheduling class
iostat
Report CPU and disk I/O statistics.
journalctl
Query and display systemd journal logs.
journalctl -u
Logs for one unit
kill
Send a signal to a process — commonly used to terminate processes.
killall
Kill processes by name
last
Show login history
lastb
Show failed login attempts
lastlog
Show last login per user
ldd
Print shared library dependencies
localectl
Control locale and keyboard settings
logger
Send messages to the system log (syslog/journald).
loginctl
Manage login sessions
logrotate
Automatically rotate, compress, and manage log files.
lscpu
Display CPU architecture and topology information.
lshw
List hardware configuration
lsmod
List loaded kernel modules
lsns
List namespaces
lsof
List open files and network connections by processes.
lspci
List PCI devices
lsusb
List USB devices
modinfo
Show kernel module information
modprobe
Load or remove kernel modules
mpstat
Per-CPU statistics
nice
Run a command with a lower priority
nohup
Run a command immune to hangup signals (SSH disconnects).
nproc
Print the number of available processing units.
nsenter
Enter the namespaces of another process.
ntpdate
Set the clock once from an NTP server
numactl
NUMA policy control
pgrep
Find process IDs by name or other attributes.
pidof
Find process IDs by name
pidstat
Per-process statistics
pkill
Send signals to processes matched by name or attributes.
poweroff
Power off the machine
ps
Display information about currently running processes.
pstree
Show processes as a tree
reboot
Reboot the system
renice
Change priority of a running process
reset
Reinitialise the terminal
rsyslog
Configure and manage the rsyslog system logging daemon.
sar
Collect and report system activity statistics over time.
script
Record a terminal session
sensors
Show temperature and fan sensors
service
Run a SysV init script / systemctl wrapper
setcap
Set file capabilities
shutdown
Power off or reboot the system
sudoedit
Edit root-owned files safely
sysctl
Read and write kernel parameters at runtime.
systemctl
Control the systemd init system and service manager.
systemctl advanced
Advanced systemd service management: dependencies, drop-ins, and masking.
systemctl daemon-reload
Reload unit files
systemctl disable
Disable a service at boot
systemctl edit
Create unit overrides
systemctl mask
Make a unit impossible to start
systemctl restart
Restart a service
systemctl stop
Stop a service
systemd timer
Systemd timer units as a modern alternative to cron.
systemd-cat
Send output to the journal
taskset
Set CPU affinity
timedatectl
Query and configure system time, date, and timezone.
top
Real-time dynamic view of system processes, CPU, and memory usage.
ulimit
Get and set resource limits for the current shell and child processes.
uname
Print system information including kernel version and architecture.
unshare
Run a program with some namespaces unshared from the parent.
uptime
Show how long the system has been running and load averages.
vmstat
Report virtual memory, CPU, and I/O statistics.
w
Show who is logged in and what they run
watch
Repeatedly execute a command at intervals and display output.
who
Show who is logged in
whoami
Print the current username
💾 Disks & Filesystems
blkid
Show block device attributes
blockdev
Block device ioctls
borg
Deduplicating backups
btrfs
Btrfs management
cryptsetup
LUKS disk encryption
dd
Convert and copy raw data
ddrescue
Rescue data from failing disks
e2fsck
Check ext2/3/4 filesystems
fdisk
Partition table manipulator
findmnt
Show mounted filesystems
fsck
Check and repair filesystems
hdparm
Get/set disk parameters
lsblk
List block devices in a tree view showing partitions and mount points.
lvcreate
Create a logical volume
lvextend
Extend a logical volume
lvm
Logical Volume Manager: create, resize, and manage logical volumes.
lvreduce
Shrink a logical volume
lvremove
Remove a logical volume
mdadm
Manage Linux software RAID arrays.
mkfs
Create a filesystem
mount
Mount filesystems to make them accessible.
nfs
NFS client and export tools
parted
Partition editor
partprobe
Re-read partition tables
pvcreate
Initialize a physical volume for LVM
rclone
Sync files with cloud storage
resize2fs
Resize ext filesystems
restic
Encrypted backups
sfdisk
Scriptable partitioning
smartctl
Disk SMART health tool
swap
Manage swap space on Linux systems.
tune2fs
Adjust ext filesystem parameters
umount
Unmount filesystems
vgcreate
Create a volume group
wipefs
Wipe filesystem signatures
xfs_growfs
Grow a mounted XFS filesystem
xfs_info
Show XFS geometry
xfs_repair
Repair XFS filesystems
zfs
ZFS datasets and snapshots
zpool
ZFS storage pools
🔐 Users, Permissions & Security
adduser
Interactive user creation (Debian)
age
Modern file encryption
aide
File integrity checker
apparmor
Manage AppArmor mandatory access control profiles.
certbot
Obtain and renew Let’s Encrypt certificates
chage
Manage password aging
chmod
Change file or directory permissions.
chown
Change file or directory ownership (user and/or group).
chsh
Change login shell
deluser
Delete a user (Debian)
fail2ban-client
Control fail2ban
faillock
Show/reset failed-login locks
getenforce
Show SELinux mode
gpg
GNU Privacy Guard: encrypt, decrypt, sign, and verify files.
groupadd
Create a group
groupdel
Delete a group
lynis
Security auditing tool
newgrp
Switch primary group
openssl
Cryptography toolkit — TLS testing, key/certificate generation, and data encoding.
openssl advanced
Advanced OpenSSL: TLS debugging, certificate inspection, and PKI operations.
openssl req
Create CSRs and certificates
openssl s_client
Test TLS connections
openssl x509
Inspect certificates
pass
Standard Unix password manager
passwd
Change or set a user account password.
pwck
Verify /etc/passwd
restorecon
Restore SELinux file contexts
selinux
Manage SELinux mandatory access control policies.
semanage
Manage SELinux policy
setenforce
Switch SELinux between enforcing and permissive
ssh-add
Add keys to the SSH agent
ssh-copy-id
Install your public key on a server
ssh-keygen
Generate, inspect, and manage SSH public/private key pairs.
ssh-keyscan
Collect SSH host keys
su
Switch user
sudo
Run commands as another user (usually root)
ufw allow
Open a firewall port (ufw)
umask
Set default permissions mask for newly created files and directories.
useradd
Create a new user account on the Linux system.
userdel
Delete a user account
usermod
Modify a user account
visudo
Safely edit sudoers
🌐 Networking
aria2c
Multi-connection downloader
arp
Show/manipulate the ARP cache
arping
ARP ping
bridge
Bridge and VLAN management
conntrack
View and manage netfilter connection tracking table.
curl
Transfer data to or from a server using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and more.
curl advanced
Advanced curl: REST API testing, headers, auth, and timing.
dhclient
DHCP client
dig
Query DNS servers for records and debug DNS resolution.
ethtool
Query and control network driver and hardware settings.
firewall-cmd
CLI tool to interact with the firewalld service.
firewalld
Dynamic firewall daemon managing zones, services, and ports.
host
Simple DNS lookup
httpie
HTTP client (http / https)
ifconfig
Legacy network interface tool
iftop
Live bandwidth per connection
ip
Configure and display network interfaces, routes, and addresses.
ip route
Manage and display the kernel routing table.
ip-netns
Network namespaces
ip6tables
IPv6 firewall rules
ipcalc
Calculate subnets
iperf3
Network throughput tester
ipset
Manage IP sets for efficient firewall rule matching.
iptables
Configure the Linux kernel firewall — manage network packet filtering rules.
iptables-restore
Load iptables rules from a file
iptables-save
Dump iptables rules
lftp
Advanced FTP/SFTP client
lsof -i
Who uses which network port
mtr
Combined ping and traceroute
nc
Netcat: TCP/UDP networking Swiss Army knife for testing and transfer.
nc advanced
Netcat for port scanning, banner grabbing, and file transfer.
ncat
Nmap’s netcat
nethogs
Bandwidth per process
netplan
Ubuntu network configuration
netstat
Display network connections, routing tables, and interface statistics.
netstat advanced
Network statistics: connections, routing, interfaces (legacy but still widely installed).
nft
nftables command
nftables
Modern Linux packet filtering framework replacing iptables.
nmap
Network scanner — discover hosts and probe open ports on a network.
nmcli
NetworkManager command line
nslookup
Query DNS servers
openvpn
OpenVPN client/server
ping
Test network connectivity and measure round-trip latency.
resolvectl
systemd-resolved control
route
Legacy routing table tool
sftp
Interactive secure file transfer
socat
Multipurpose socket relay
ss
Investigate socket statistics — the modern, faster replacement for netstat.
ss advanced
Advanced socket statistics: filter by state, process, and address.
ss-filter
Socket filters
ssh
Securely connect to a remote host over an encrypted SSH tunnel.
ssh-agent
Hold SSH keys in memory
sshd
OpenSSH server daemon
tc
Traffic control (shaping)
tcpdump
Capture and analyze raw network packets on a network interface.
tcpdump advanced
Advanced tcpdump: capture, filter, and analyze network traffic.
tcpkill
Kill TCP connections by host/port pattern.
telnet
Connect to TCP ports
traceroute
Trace the network path to a host, hop by hop.
ufw
Uncomplicated Firewall — simple iptables frontend for Ubuntu/Debian.
vnstat
Network traffic statistics
wg
WireGuard management
wget
Download files from the web non-interactively.
whois
Domain registration lookup
🐚 Shell & Scripting
alias
Create shorthand names for commands or command sequences.
bash
GNU Bourne-Again shell
bc
Arbitrary precision calculator
bg
Resume a job in the background
clear
Clear the terminal screen
command
Run a command bypassing functions/aliases
declare
Declare shell variables with types and attributes.
disown
Detach a job from the shell
env
Print environment variables or run a command with a modified environment.
eval
Execute a string as shell code
exec
Replace the shell with a command
export
Set environment variables available to child processes.
expr
Evaluate expressions
false
Exit with failure
fg
Bring a job to the foreground
getent
Query system databases
getopts
Parse script options
history
Display or manipulate the shell command history.
jobs
List background and stopped jobs in the current shell.
local
Declare a function-local variable
mapfile
Read lines into an array
parallel
Execute jobs in parallel from command line or files.
printenv
Print the value of specific environment variables.
read
Read input from stdin or user prompt into shell variables.
screen
Terminal multiplexer with persistent sessions (older alternative to tmux).
set
Set shell options and positional parameters; control script safety.
sh
POSIX shell
shift
Shift positional parameters
sleep
Pause execution for a specified duration.
source
Execute a script in the current shell context (no subshell).
stty
Configure terminal line settings and fix broken terminals.
test
Evaluate conditional expressions in shell scripts.
time
Time a command
timeout
Run a command with a time limit
tmux
Terminal multiplexer: manage multiple terminal sessions in one window.
tput
Query and initialize terminal capabilities for scripting.
trap
Execute commands when the shell receives signals or exits.
true
Exit with success
type
Describe how a name is interpreted
unset
Remove a variable or function
wait
Wait for background jobs
whereis
Locate binary, source, and man page for a command.
which
Locate the executable that would be run for a given command.
xdg-open
Open a file or URL with the default app
yes
Repeat a string forever
☸️ Kubernetes & Helm
argocd
GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes.
crictl
CLI for CRI-compatible container runtimes (containerd, CRI-O).
etcdctl
etcd client
flux
GitOps tool for continuous delivery to Kubernetes from Git.
helm
Kubernetes package manager: install, upgrade, and manage chart releases.
helm diff
Preview Helm upgrade changes before applying with helm-diff plugin.
helm install
Install a chart
helm repo
Manage chart repositories
helm rollback
Roll back a release
helm template
Render a chart locally
helm uninstall
Remove a release
helm upgrade
Upgrade a release
istioctl
Istio service mesh CLI
k9s
Terminal UI for Kubernetes
kind
Kubernetes in Docker
kubeadm
Bootstrap and manage clusters
kubeconfig
Manage Kubernetes contexts and clusters in kubeconfig.
kubectl
Command-line tool for controlling Kubernetes clusters.
kubectl annotate
Add annotations
kubectl apply
Apply a Kubernetes manifest to create or update resources.
kubectl auth can-i
Check permissions
kubectl autoscale
Create an HPA
kubectl certificate
Approve CSRs
kubectl config
Manage kubeconfig
kubectl cordon
Mark a node unschedulable
kubectl cp
Copy files to/from pods
kubectl create
Create resources imperatively
kubectl debug
Debug pods and nodes by attaching ephemeral containers.
kubectl delete
Delete Kubernetes resources
kubectl describe
Show detailed state and events for a Kubernetes resource.
kubectl drain
Evict pods from a node
kubectl edit
Edit a live object
kubectl events
List events
kubectl exec
Execute commands inside a running Kubernetes container.
kubectl get
List Kubernetes resources with flexible output options.
kubectl label
Add or change labels
kubectl logs
Fetch logs from containers in Kubernetes pods.
kubectl patch
Patch a live object
kubectl port-forward
Forward a local port
kubectl replace
Replace a live object
kubectl rollout
Manage and monitor Kubernetes deployment rollouts.
kubectl scale
Change replica count
kubectl set image
Change a container image
kubectl taint
Taint nodes
kubectl top
Show CPU and memory resource usage for nodes and pods.
kubectl uncordon
Allow scheduling on a node
kubectl wait
Wait for a condition
kubectx
Switch Kubernetes contexts quickly
kubens
Switch namespaces
kustomize
Customize Kubernetes manifests
minikube
Local Kubernetes
stern
Tail logs from multiple pods
velero
Backup, restore, and migrate Kubernetes cluster resources and persistent volumes.
🐳 Docker & Containers
buildah
Build OCI images without a daemon
ctr
containerd client
dive
Explore image layers
docker
Build, run, and manage Linux containers and container images.
docker build
Build a Docker image from a Dockerfile.
docker compose
Define multi-container apps (v2)
docker cp
Copy files to/from containers
docker exec
Execute commands inside a running Docker container.
docker inspect
Show low-level info
docker login
Authenticate to a registry
docker logs
Fetch and stream logs from a Docker container.
docker network
Manage Docker networks
docker ps
List running (or all) Docker containers.
docker pull
Download images
docker push
Upload images
docker rm
Remove containers
docker rmi
Remove images
docker run
Run a container
docker stats
Live container resource usage
docker stop
Stop containers
docker system prune
Remove unused Docker data
docker volume
Manage Docker volumes
docker-compose
Define multi-container apps (v1)
hadolint
Dockerfile linter
lxc
LXD/LXC container tool
nerdctl
Docker-compatible CLI for containerd
podman
Daemonless container runtime compatible with Docker CLI.
skopeo
Inspect, copy, and sync container images without a runtime.
trivy
Vulnerability scanner
🌿 Git
gh
GitHub CLI
git
Distributed version control system for tracking and managing code changes.
git add
Stage changes
git bisect
Binary search for a bad commit
git blame
Show who changed each line
git branch
List, create or delete branches
git checkout
Switch branches or restore files
git cherry-pick
Apply specific commits from one branch to another.
git clean
Remove untracked files
git clone
Copy a repository
git commit
Record staged changes
git config
Read/set configuration
git diff
Show changes
git fetch
Download remote changes
git log
Browse, filter, and format Git commit history.
git merge
Join histories
git pull
Fetch and integrate
git push
Upload commits
git rebase
Reapply commits on top of another base commit; rewrite history.
git reflog
History of HEAD movements
git remote
Manage remotes
git reset
Move HEAD / reset index
git restore
Restore files
git revert
Undo a commit with a new commit
git stash
Temporarily save and restore uncommitted work.
git status
Show working tree state
git submodule
Manage nested repositories
git switch
Switch branches
git tag
Create or list tags
git worktree
Multiple working trees
🏗️ Terraform, Ansible & IaC
ansible
Run one-off Ansible tasks on remote hosts without a playbook.
ansible-galaxy
Manage Ansible roles/collections
ansible-inventory
Show inventory
ansible-lint
Lint playbooks
ansible-playbook
Run Ansible playbooks to automate multi-host configuration.
ansible-vault
Encrypt Ansible secrets
cloud-init
Cloud instance initialisation
packer
Build machine images
pulumi
Infrastructure as code (general languages)
terraform apply
Apply Terraform changes to provision or update infrastructure.
terraform destroy
Destroy all managed infrastructure
terraform fmt
Format configuration
terraform force-unlock
Release a state lock
terraform import
Import existing resources into state
terraform init
Initialize a Terraform working directory and download providers.
terraform output
Show output values
terraform plan
Preview changes Terraform will make to infrastructure.
terraform state
Inspect and manipulate Terraform state directly.
terraform taint
Mark a resource for recreation
terraform validate
Validate configuration
terraform workspace
Manage multiple Terraform state workspaces for environment isolation.
terragrunt
Terraform wrapper
tflint
Terraform linter
vagrant
Dev VM management
☁️ AWS, Azure & GCP CLIs
aws
AWS command line
aws cloudformation
CloudFormation stacks
aws ec2
EC2 instances and networking
aws eks
EKS clusters
aws iam
IAM identities and policies
aws lambda
Lambda functions
aws logs
CloudWatch Logs
aws rds
RDS databases
aws route53
DNS records
aws s3
S3 object storage commands
aws s3api
Low-level S3 API
aws ssm
Systems Manager
aws sts
Security Token Service
az
Azure command line
az acr
Container registry
az aks
AKS clusters
az group
Resource groups
az keyvault
Key Vault secrets
az network
Networking (NSGs, VNets…)
az role
RBAC role assignments
az storage
Storage accounts and blobs
az vm
Virtual machines
az webapp
App Service
doctl
DigitalOcean CLI
gcloud
Google Cloud CLI
gcloud compute
Compute Engine
gcloud container
GKE clusters
gcloud iam
IAM policies
gcloud sql
Cloud SQL
gsutil
Cloud Storage tool
oci
Oracle Cloud CLI
🗄️ Databases
influx
InfluxDB CLI
mongodump
Back up MongoDB
mongorestore
Restore MongoDB
mongosh
MongoDB shell
mysql
MySQL client
mysqladmin
MySQL administration
mysqlcheck
Check/repair tables
mysqldump
Back up MySQL/MariaDB databases to SQL files.
pg_basebackup
Physical PostgreSQL backup
pg_dump
Back up a PostgreSQL database to a file.
pg_isready
Check PostgreSQL availability
pg_restore
Restore a PostgreSQL dump
psql
PostgreSQL interactive terminal and query tool.
psql meta
psql backslash commands
redis-cli
Redis command-line client for cache and data structure inspection.
redis-server
Redis server
sqlite3
SQLite shell
🔬 Debugging & Performance
atop
Advanced system monitor
bpftool
Inspect eBPF programs
bpftrace
Dynamic tracing of Linux kernel and userspace using eBPF.
btop
Resource monitor
cat /proc
The /proc filesystem
coredumpctl
Access core dumps
gdb
GNU debugger
glances
System monitor
grafana-cli
Grafana admin CLI
iotop
Interactive real-time display of disk I/O per process.
journald
journald control
ltrace
Trace library calls
nm
List symbols
nmon
Performance monitor
objdump
Disassemble binaries
perf
Linux performance analysis and profiling tool.
promtool
Prometheus tool
readelf
Display ELF info
strace
Trace system calls and signals made by a process.
trace-cmd
Ftrace front-end
tshark
Packet analyzer (CLI Wireshark)
valgrind
Memory error detector
📦 Packages & Build
apk
Alpine package manager
apt
Debian/Ubuntu package manager
apt-get
Debian package tool
brew
Homebrew package manager
cargo
Rust package manager
dnf
RHEL/Fedora package manager
dpkg
Debian package manager (low level)
flatpak
Flatpak package manager
gem
Ruby gem installer
go
Go toolchain
make
Build tool
npm
Node.js package manager
pacman
Arch package manager
pip
Python package installer
rpm
RPM package tool
snap
Snap package manager
yum
RHEL/CentOS package manager (legacy)
zypper
SUSE package manager
🧩 Web & Services
apachectl
Apache control
chronyc
Chrony NTP client
haproxy
HAProxy load balancer
nginx
Nginx web server
ntpq
NTP query
pm2
Node process manager
postfix
Postfix mail server
supervisorctl
Supervisor process control
systemd-analyze
Analyze boot and unit timing
systemd-run
Run a command as a transient unit