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Networking
Connectivity, DNS, sockets, firewalls, packet capture, transfers and VPNs.
aria2c
Multi-connection downloader
arp
Show/manipulate the ARP cache
arping
ARP ping
bridge
Bridge and VLAN management
conntrack
View and manage netfilter connection tracking table.
curl
Transfer data to or from a server using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and more.
curl advanced
Advanced curl: REST API testing, headers, auth, and timing.
dhclient
DHCP client
dig
Query DNS servers for records and debug DNS resolution.
ethtool
Query and control network driver and hardware settings.
firewall-cmd
CLI tool to interact with the firewalld service.
firewalld
Dynamic firewall daemon managing zones, services, and ports.
host
Simple DNS lookup
httpie
HTTP client (http / https)
ifconfig
Legacy network interface tool
iftop
Live bandwidth per connection
ip
Configure and display network interfaces, routes, and addresses.
ip route
Manage and display the kernel routing table.
ip-netns
Network namespaces
ip6tables
IPv6 firewall rules
ipcalc
Calculate subnets
iperf3
Network throughput tester
ipset
Manage IP sets for efficient firewall rule matching.
iptables
Configure the Linux kernel firewall — manage network packet filtering rules.
iptables-restore
Load iptables rules from a file
iptables-save
Dump iptables rules
lftp
Advanced FTP/SFTP client
lsof -i
Who uses which network port
mtr
Combined ping and traceroute
nc
Netcat: TCP/UDP networking Swiss Army knife for testing and transfer.
nc advanced
Netcat for port scanning, banner grabbing, and file transfer.
ncat
Nmap’s netcat
nethogs
Bandwidth per process
netplan
Ubuntu network configuration
netstat
Display network connections, routing tables, and interface statistics.
netstat advanced
Network statistics: connections, routing, interfaces (legacy but still widely installed).
nft
nftables command
nftables
Modern Linux packet filtering framework replacing iptables.
nmap
Network scanner — discover hosts and probe open ports on a network.
nmcli
NetworkManager command line
nslookup
Query DNS servers
openvpn
OpenVPN client/server
ping
Test network connectivity and measure round-trip latency.
resolvectl
systemd-resolved control
route
Legacy routing table tool
sftp
Interactive secure file transfer
socat
Multipurpose socket relay
ss
Investigate socket statistics — the modern, faster replacement for netstat.
ss advanced
Advanced socket statistics: filter by state, process, and address.
ss-filter
Socket filters
ssh
Securely connect to a remote host over an encrypted SSH tunnel.
ssh-agent
Hold SSH keys in memory
sshd
OpenSSH server daemon
tc
Traffic control (shaping)
tcpdump
Capture and analyze raw network packets on a network interface.
tcpdump advanced
Advanced tcpdump: capture, filter, and analyze network traffic.
tcpkill
Kill TCP connections by host/port pattern.
telnet
Connect to TCP ports
traceroute
Trace the network path to a host, hop by hop.
ufw
Uncomplicated Firewall — simple iptables frontend for Ubuntu/Debian.
vnstat
Network traffic statistics
wg
WireGuard management
wget
Download files from the web non-interactively.
whois
Domain registration lookup